What is Complete Blood Count (CBC)?
A blood test that evaluates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, used to investigate anemia, infection, inflammation, and clotting problems.
The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests in veterinary practice. It evaluates three main groups of blood cells: red blood cells (erythrocytes, responsible for carrying oxygen), white blood cells (leukocytes, responsible for the body's defenses, divided into several subtypes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils), and platelets (responsible for blood clotting).
Changes in the CBC help the veterinarian identify various conditions: a drop in red blood cells indicates anemia (which can have causes such as blood loss, kidney disease, or parasites); an increase in white blood cells usually indicates infection or inflammation, while a marked decrease (leukopenia) can occur in diseases such as parvovirus; changes in platelets can indicate a risk of bleeding or clotting problems. The test is also routinely ordered before surgery and anesthesia, to make sure the pet is in safe condition for the procedure.
A CBC alone rarely provides a complete diagnosis — it is interpreted together with the physical exam and, often, additional tests, such as a serum chemistry panel (which includes creatinine, BUN, and ALT). Reference ranges vary by species, age, and even by laboratory, so interpretation should always be done by a veterinarian, never by comparing results in isolation to values found online.
Important notice
This calculator is for educational purposes and does not replace a veterinary evaluation. When in doubt, consult a veterinarian.Related terms
Creatinine
A waste product removed by the kidneys, measured in blood to evaluate kidney function; elevated levels usually indicate that the kidneys are not filtering properly.
ALT (Liver Enzyme)
An enzyme measured in blood tests to evaluate liver health; elevated levels usually indicate damage to liver cells.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
A substance produced by the liver from the breakdown of protein and eliminated by the kidneys; measured together with creatinine to evaluate kidney function.