What is Leptospirosis?
A serious bacterial infection transmitted mainly through rat urine and contaminated water or soil, which attacks the kidneys and liver; it is also a zoonosis.
Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, shed in the urine of infected animals — rats are the main reservoir in urban areas. Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated urine, standing water, mud, or damp soil, especially during rainy seasons and flooding, since the bacteria survive well in moist environments. It is an important zoonosis: people can also become infected through contact with contaminated water or soil.
Symptoms in dogs include fever, lethargy, vomiting, loss of appetite, increased thirst and urination (or, conversely, reduced or absent urination in severe cases of kidney injury), jaundice (yellowing of the mucous membranes, indicating liver involvement), and abdominal pain. The disease can progress rapidly to acute kidney failure and liver failure, and can be fatal.
Diagnosis combines clinical signs, blood work (kidney and liver function), and specific tests for the bacteria. Antibiotic treatment is more effective the earlier it begins, along with supportive care for the affected organs. The core combination vaccine includes protection against the most common Leptospira serovars and should be kept up to date, especially for dogs with access to flooded areas or yards with rodents. Seek urgent veterinary care if a dog has fever, vomiting, lethargy, and a change in urination pattern, especially after contact with standing water or flooding.
Important notice
This calculator is for educational purposes and does not replace a veterinary evaluation. When in doubt, consult a veterinarian.Related terms
Zoonosis
A disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans, such as rabies, leptospirosis, and certain intestinal worms.
Core Combination Vaccine (DHPP/DHLPP)
A combination vaccine that protects dogs against several serious diseases at once, such as distemper, parvovirus, and leptospirosis, given on a schedule of boosters.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
A progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function, very common in senior dogs and cats, that requires ongoing management to control symptoms and slow its progression.