What is Spaying and Neutering?

Spaying and neutering are surgical procedures that remove the reproductive organs: in males, removal of the testicles (castration/neutering); in females, usually removal of the ovaries and uterus (ovariohysterectomy, or "spaying"), although some protocols remove only the ovaries (ovariectomy). The term "fixing" or "sterilization" is used as a synonym in everyday language, even though it can technically also include methods that preserve the organs, such as tubal ligation or vasectomy, which are rarely used in routine veterinary practice.

Beyond preventing reproduction, spaying and neutering bring important health benefits: in females, it drastically reduces the risk of pyometra and mammary tumors (especially when performed before the second or third heat cycle); in males, it eliminates the risk of testicular tumors and reduces the risk of prostatic enlargement and certain hormone-driven behaviors, such as territorial marking and roaming in search of females in heat. The surgery also helps control the population of homeless animals.

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, usually with same-day discharge, and full recovery takes about 10 to 14 days, with an Elizabethan collar used to keep the pet from licking the incision. The ideal age for the procedure varies depending on size, breed, and the recommendation of the treating veterinarian — talk to them about the best timing for your pet.