What is Hip Dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia is a developmental abnormality of the hip joint in which the head of the femur does not fit properly into the acetabulum (the socket of the pelvis). This causes joint laxity, abnormal friction between the bones, and, over time, cartilage wear and osteoarthritis. It has a strong genetic component and is most common in large and giant fast-growing breeds, such as German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers, but factors such as rapid growth, excess weight, and excessive exercise in puppies also influence its severity.

Signs vary depending on the degree of dysplasia and the dog's age: difficulty getting up, climbing stairs, or jumping, a "bunny hop" gait when running, limping that worsens after exercise, decreased thigh muscle mass, and reluctance to play or go for walks as before. Some dogs with mild dysplasia never develop visible symptoms, while others show significant pain even as puppies.

Diagnosis is confirmed through an orthopedic physical exam and specific hip radiographs. Treatment ranges from weight management, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medication in mild cases to corrective surgery or hip replacement in severe cases. See a veterinary orthopedic specialist if a dog, especially a large-breed puppy, has difficulty getting up, limps after playing, or is reluctant to climb stairs.